VIRUSES OF SOME GARLIC ECOTYPES IN CROATIA
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Recent, there is increasing demand for autochthonous ecotypes of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Croatia. Many local ecotypes of garlic are developed due to specific environmental conditions and producer's selection. However, the average yield of garlic is not in the European average range, since the classical vegetative propagation from cloves usually results with virus infections that cause significant yield reduction. Viruses are considered significant garlic’s pathogens. The research was set up to determine infection rate in plant material of different garlic ecotypes grown from cloves in different regions. Plants were collected from commercial fields in Zadar County (coastal part of Croatia) and Vukovar-Srijem County (eastern Croatia) and were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the presence of three viruses: Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) and Garlic common latent virus (GCLV). As a potential source of
antigen leaf tissue was used and tests were conducted according to manufacturer’s instructions (Bioreba AG, Switzerland). In plants from Zadar County dominant was OYDV, followed by GCLV and LYSV. All tested plants originating from Vukovar-Srijem County were infected with three tested viruses. Out of 316 analyzed plants only 4 (1.3%) showed to be free from viruses included in survey. Plants infected with OYDV showed symptoms of leaf yellowing and reduced growth, while those infected with LYSV expressed yellow stripes. Symptoms were most evident at the beginning of vegetation. Due to high infection rate, deteriorated sanitary status, and increased interest in use and production of local garlic ecotypes, work on sanitary selection will be important part of revitalization program.
Downloads
Article Details
References
2. Astier, S., Albouy, J., Maury, Y., Robaglia, C. and Lecoq, H. (2006). Principles of Plant Virology: Genome, Pathogenicity, Virus Ecology. Enfield, New Hamshire, USA: Science Publishers.
3. Chodorska, M., Paduch-Cichal, E., Kalinowska, E. and Szyndel, M.S. (2014). Assessment of Allexiviruses infection in garlic plants in Poland. Acta Scientiarium Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 13(2): 179-186.
4. Conci, V.C., Canavelli, A. and Lunello, P. (2003). Yield losses associated with virus infected garlic plants during five successive years. Plant Disease 87: 1411–1415.
5. Conci, V.C. (1997). Virus y Fitoplasmas de ajo. In ‘‘50 Temas Sobre Produccion deAjo’’ (J. L. Burba, ed.) EEA-INTA La Consulta, Mendoza. 267–293.
6. Dovas, C. I. and Vovlas, C. (2003). Viruses infecting Allium spp. In Southern Italy. Journal of Plant Pathology 85: 135.
7. Dovas, C. I., Hatziloukas, E., Salomon, R., Barg, E., Shiboleth, Y. M. and Katis, N. (2001). Incidence of viruses infecting Allium spp. In Greece. European Journal of Plant Pathology 149: 1-7.
8. Dumičic G., Miloš B., Žanic K., Urlic B., Jukic Špika M. and Čagalj M. (2015). Jadranski češnjak. Institut za jadranske kulture i melioraciju krša, Split.
9. FAO (2015). FAO Statistical Poketbook (2015). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4691e.pdf
10. Hull, R. (2009). Comparative plant virology. Second edition, Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, 24.
11. Juretid, N. (2002). Osnove biljne virologije. Školska knjiga, Zagreb: 48.
12. Klukáčková, J., Navrátil, N. and Duchoslav, M. (2007). Natural infection of garlic (Allium sativum L.) by viruses in the Czech Republic. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 114 (3): 97–100.
13. Klukáčková, J., Navrátil, N., Veselá, M., Havránek, P. and Šafářová, D. (2004). Occurrence of garlic viruses in the Czech Republic. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica 7: 126–128
14. Loebenstein, G. and Lecoq, H. (eds.) (2012). Advances in Virus Research, Vol. 84, Burlington: Academic Press: 163-208.
15. Lešid, R., Borošid, J., Butorac, I., Herak-Dustid, M., Poljak, M. and Romid, D. (2016). Povrdarstvo III. dopunjeno izdanje. Zrinski d.d. Čakovec: 138-145.
16. Lot, H., Chevelon, V., Souche, S. and Dellecolle, B. (1998). Effects of Onion yellow dwarf virus and Leek yellow stripe virus on symptomatology and yield loss of three French garlic cultivars. Plant Disease 82: 1381–1385.
17. Lunello, P., Ducasse, D. and Conci, V. (2005). Improved PCR detection of Potyviruses in Allium species. European Journal of Plant Pathology 112: 371–378.
18. Matotan, Z. (2004). Suvremena proizvodnja povrda. Nakladni zavod globus, Zagreb. 153-158.
19. Melo Filho, P., Resende, R.O., Torres Cordeiro, C.M., Buso, J., Torres A.C. and Dusi, A.N. (2006). Viral reinfection affecting bulb production in garlic after seven years of cultivation under field condtions. European Journal of Plant Pathology 116: 95–101.
20. Messianen, C., Youcef-Benkada, M. and Beyries, A. (1981.) Rendement potentiel et tolerance aux virus chen l'ail. Agronomie 1: 759-762.
21. Radat, B. (2014). Poslovni plan za proizvodnju češnjaka. Završni rad. Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku.
22. Smékalová, K., Stavlíková, H. and Dusek, K. (2010). Distribution of viruses in the garlic germplasm collection of the Czech Republic. Journal of Plant Pathology 92(1): 273–274.
23. Štefanac, Z. (1977). Virus žute kržljavosti crvenog luka u Jugoslaviji. Acta Botanica Croatica 36: 39—45.
24. Toth, N., Fabek, S. and Vončina, D. (2015). Završno izvješde: Revitalizacija proizvodnje češnjaka u Zadarskoj županiji. Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb.
25. Van Dijk, P. (1994). Virus diseases of Allium species and prospects for their control. Acta Horticulture 358: 299–306.
26. Van Dijk, P. (1993). Survey and characterization of potyviruses and their strains of Allium species. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 99(Suppl. 2): 1–48.
27. Van Dijk, P., Verbeek, M. and Bos, L. (1991). Mite-borne virus isolates from cultivated Allium species and their classification into two new rymoviruses in the family Potyviridae. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 97: 381-399.
28. Vunsh, R., Rosner, A. and Stein, A. (1991). Detection of bean yellow mosaic virus in Gladioli corms by the polymerase chain reaction. Annals of Applied Biology 119: 289-294.
Walkey, D.G.A. and Antill D.N. (1989). Agronomic evaluation of virus-free and virus infected garlic (Allium sativum L.). Journal of Horticulutral Science 64: 53.