VARIATION OF FRUIT MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN CAPSICUM ANNUUM L. GERMPLASM COLLECTION FROM NORTH MACEDONIA
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Published:
Jun 15, 2022
Keywords:
Capsicum, fruit traits, principal component analysis, cluster analysis
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Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the phenotypic divergence of 33 local pepper landraces from North Macedonia based on their fruit traits, that have not been evaluated before. According to the vernacular names they belong to the longum group and are traditionally consumed mostly in technological maturity. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design in three replications in 2018. Six quantitative fruit traits were evaluated: fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit pedicel length, fruit wall thickness and number of locules, as well as several quantitative traits: colour at intermediate stage, colour at mature stage, fruit shape, shape at blossom end, cross-sectional corrugation, ripe fruit persistence – pedicel with fruit and pedicel with stem. The PCA analysis identified that two principal components explain more than 77% of the variability based on the quantitative fruit parameters. The cluster analysis classified the accessions in three clusters, where the third cluster grouped seven local landraces that had highest values for fruit width, fruit weight and pericarp thickness and are major yield components. It can be concluded that the results obtained for the fruit variability in the investigated 33 local pepper landraces from North Macedonia provided valuable information about the diversity of the collection. Furthermore, the local landraces identified in cluster three can be considered as potential source for selection of preferred traits or for further utilization in development of recommendations for direct production in the rural areas.
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References
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Danojevic D. & Medic-Pap S. 2018. Different multivariate analysis for fruit traits in sweet pepper breeding. Genetika, Vol 50, No.1, 121-129.
Dorêgo, E. R., & Dorêgo, M. M. (2016). Genetics and breeding of chili pepper capsicum spp. In Production and Breeding of Chilli Peppers (Capsicum Spp.) (pp. 57–80). Springer International Publishing
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Drvoshanova, B., Ivanovska, S., Jankulovska, M., Popsimonova, G., & Ibushoska, A. (2021). Evaluation of fruit traits in pepper (type kapiya) collection from North Macedonia. Acta Horticulturae, 1320, 25–32
Habtie Birhanu & Dejene Tiegist (2020). Multivariate Analysis and Traits Association in Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Landraces of Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS), 6(10):42-51
Habtie, B., Dejen, T., & Dessalegn, Y. (2017). Morphological characterization of hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) landraces of Ethiopia for qualitative characters. maize-common bean intercropping to optimize maiz-based crop production View project Crop diversity analysis View project Morphological Characterization of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum.L) Land Races of Ethiopia for Qualitative Characters. In International Journal of Research Studies in Science, Engineering and Technology (Vol. 4, Issue 9).
Ilic, Z. S., Milenkovic, L., Vasic, M., Girek, Z., Zdravkovic, M., & Zdravkovic, J. (2013). Old Cultivars and Populations from Traditional Pepper-Growing Regions of Serbia as Breeding Potential. Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(6):132-140
IPGRI, AVRDC and CATIE. 1995. Descriptors for Capsicum (Capsicum spp.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy; the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
Ivanovska S. and Andonov S. 2018. Agrobiodiversity in Southeast Europe - assessment and policy recommendations - country report Macedonia, GIZ, Skopje, p.75 ISBN 978-608-4536-26-0 available at: http://seerural.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Agrobiodiversity-Study-Macedonia.pdf
Jankuloski D. (1997). Piperka i patlidzan. Zemjodelski fakultet, Skopje. NIP Bass Trejd. p.1-106
Lahbib, K. (2013). Selection of pepper parent from a collection of Capsicum annuum landraces based on genetic diversity. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 5(5), 68–72.
Lakshmi Tirupathamma, T., Venkata Ramana, C., Naram Naidu, L., & Sasikala, K. (2018). Multivariate analysis in paprika (Capsicum annuum L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 9(4), 1308–1321.
Lavinia, S., Giancarla, V., & Gabriela, G. (2013). Studies regarding correlations between the main morphological traits in a collection of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) local landraces. JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology, Volume 17(2): 285:289
López Castilla, L. del C., Hernández, R. G., de la Cruz Castillo Aguilar, C., Martínez-Hernández, A., Ortiz-García, M. M., & Andueza-Noh, R. H. (2019). Structure and genetic diversity of nine important landraces of Capsicum species cultivated in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Agronomy, 9(7),376
Madosa Emilian, Sasu Lavinia, Ciulca Sorin, Velicevici Giancarla, Ciulca Adriana Elena, & Avandanei Constantin. (2010). Possibility of Use of Romanian Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) local Landraces in Breeding Proces. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj, 38(2 Special Issue), 56–60.
Martínez-Ispizua, E., Calatayud, Á., Marsal, J. I., Mateos-Fernández, R., Díez, M. J., Soler, S., Valcárcel, J. V., & Martínez-Cuenca, M.-R. (2022). Phenotypic Divergence among Sweet Pepper Landraces Assessed by Agro-Morphological Characterization as a Biodiversity Source. Agronomy 12, 632
Naegele, R. P., Mitchell, J., & Hausbeck, M. K. (2016). Genetic diversity, population structure, and heritability of fruit traits in capsicum annuum. PLoS ONE, 11(7): e0156969
Nankar, A. N., Todorova, V., Tringovska, I., Pasev, G., Radeva-Ivanova, V., Ivanova, V., & Kostova, D. (2020). A step towards Balkan Capsicum annuum L. core collection: Phenotypic and biochemical characterization of 180 accessions for agronomic, fruit quality, and virus resistance traits. PLoS ONE, 15(8): e0237741
Parisi M., Tripodi P., Senatore A., Festa G., Perrone D. and Cardi T. (2013). Agronomical and morphological characterization of a 'Friariello' pepper ecotype collection. Breakthroughs in the Genetic and Breeding of Capsicum and Eggplant, Proceedings of a XV EUCARPIA Meeting 623-626
Rivera, A., Monteagudo, A. B., Igartua, E., Taboada, A., García-Ulloa, A., Pomar, F., Riveiro-Leira, M., & Silvar, C. (2016). Assessing genetic and phenotypic diversity in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) landraces from North-West Spain. Scientia Horticulturae, 203, 1–11.
Sandeva Atanasova, N., Jankulovska, M., & Ivanovska, S. (2021). Genetic diversity of Macedonian embroidered pepper (Capsicum spp.) based on fruit morphological traits. Acta Horticulturae, 1320, 33–39.
Santiago-Luna, E. G., Carrillo-Rodríguez, J. C., Chávez-Servia, J. L., Perales-Segovia, C., & Heredia-Garcia, E. (2018). Variation of plant and fruit traits in native mexican costeño pepper. Horticultura Brasileira, 36(3), 399–407.
Santos, T. de O., Moulin, M. M., Rangel, L. H., Pirovani, R. O. L., Valadares, F. V., Almeida, R. N. de, & Silva, L. O. E. (2019). Characterization and Diversity of Peppers (Capsicum spp.) Genotypes Based on Morphological Traits Using Multivariate Analysis. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, JEAI, 39(1): 1-10, 2010; Article no. JEAI.50114
Todorova, V. (2007). Fruit Characterization and Influence of Variation Factors in Pepper Kapiya Type Varieties and Breeding Lines (Capsicum annuum L.). In Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 13: 309-315
Tsonev S., Todorova, V., Groseva, S., Popova, T., and Todorovska E.G. (2017). Evaluation of diversity in Bulgarian pepper cultivars by agronomical traits and ISSR markers. Genetika, 49 (2): 647-662.
XL STAT Version 2014.5.03 Copyright Addinsoft 1995-2014
Danojevic D. & Medic-Pap S. 2018. Different multivariate analysis for fruit traits in sweet pepper breeding. Genetika, Vol 50, No.1, 121-129.
Dorêgo, E. R., & Dorêgo, M. M. (2016). Genetics and breeding of chili pepper capsicum spp. In Production and Breeding of Chilli Peppers (Capsicum Spp.) (pp. 57–80). Springer International Publishing
dos Santos Pessoa, A. M., do Rêgo, E. R., Carvalho, M. G. de, dos Santos, C. A. P., & do Rêgo, M. M. (2018). Genetic diversity among accessions of Capsicum annuum L. Through morphoagronomic characters. Genetics and Molecular Research, 17(1).
Drvoshanova, B., Ivanovska, S., Jankulovska, M., Popsimonova, G., & Ibushoska, A. (2021). Evaluation of fruit traits in pepper (type kapiya) collection from North Macedonia. Acta Horticulturae, 1320, 25–32
Habtie Birhanu & Dejene Tiegist (2020). Multivariate Analysis and Traits Association in Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Landraces of Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS), 6(10):42-51
Habtie, B., Dejen, T., & Dessalegn, Y. (2017). Morphological characterization of hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) landraces of Ethiopia for qualitative characters. maize-common bean intercropping to optimize maiz-based crop production View project Crop diversity analysis View project Morphological Characterization of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum.L) Land Races of Ethiopia for Qualitative Characters. In International Journal of Research Studies in Science, Engineering and Technology (Vol. 4, Issue 9).
Ilic, Z. S., Milenkovic, L., Vasic, M., Girek, Z., Zdravkovic, M., & Zdravkovic, J. (2013). Old Cultivars and Populations from Traditional Pepper-Growing Regions of Serbia as Breeding Potential. Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(6):132-140
IPGRI, AVRDC and CATIE. 1995. Descriptors for Capsicum (Capsicum spp.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy; the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
Ivanovska S. and Andonov S. 2018. Agrobiodiversity in Southeast Europe - assessment and policy recommendations - country report Macedonia, GIZ, Skopje, p.75 ISBN 978-608-4536-26-0 available at: http://seerural.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Agrobiodiversity-Study-Macedonia.pdf
Jankuloski D. (1997). Piperka i patlidzan. Zemjodelski fakultet, Skopje. NIP Bass Trejd. p.1-106
Lahbib, K. (2013). Selection of pepper parent from a collection of Capsicum annuum landraces based on genetic diversity. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 5(5), 68–72.
Lakshmi Tirupathamma, T., Venkata Ramana, C., Naram Naidu, L., & Sasikala, K. (2018). Multivariate analysis in paprika (Capsicum annuum L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 9(4), 1308–1321.
Lavinia, S., Giancarla, V., & Gabriela, G. (2013). Studies regarding correlations between the main morphological traits in a collection of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) local landraces. JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology, Volume 17(2): 285:289
López Castilla, L. del C., Hernández, R. G., de la Cruz Castillo Aguilar, C., Martínez-Hernández, A., Ortiz-García, M. M., & Andueza-Noh, R. H. (2019). Structure and genetic diversity of nine important landraces of Capsicum species cultivated in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Agronomy, 9(7),376
Madosa Emilian, Sasu Lavinia, Ciulca Sorin, Velicevici Giancarla, Ciulca Adriana Elena, & Avandanei Constantin. (2010). Possibility of Use of Romanian Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) local Landraces in Breeding Proces. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj, 38(2 Special Issue), 56–60.
Martínez-Ispizua, E., Calatayud, Á., Marsal, J. I., Mateos-Fernández, R., Díez, M. J., Soler, S., Valcárcel, J. V., & Martínez-Cuenca, M.-R. (2022). Phenotypic Divergence among Sweet Pepper Landraces Assessed by Agro-Morphological Characterization as a Biodiversity Source. Agronomy 12, 632
Naegele, R. P., Mitchell, J., & Hausbeck, M. K. (2016). Genetic diversity, population structure, and heritability of fruit traits in capsicum annuum. PLoS ONE, 11(7): e0156969
Nankar, A. N., Todorova, V., Tringovska, I., Pasev, G., Radeva-Ivanova, V., Ivanova, V., & Kostova, D. (2020). A step towards Balkan Capsicum annuum L. core collection: Phenotypic and biochemical characterization of 180 accessions for agronomic, fruit quality, and virus resistance traits. PLoS ONE, 15(8): e0237741
Parisi M., Tripodi P., Senatore A., Festa G., Perrone D. and Cardi T. (2013). Agronomical and morphological characterization of a 'Friariello' pepper ecotype collection. Breakthroughs in the Genetic and Breeding of Capsicum and Eggplant, Proceedings of a XV EUCARPIA Meeting 623-626
Rivera, A., Monteagudo, A. B., Igartua, E., Taboada, A., García-Ulloa, A., Pomar, F., Riveiro-Leira, M., & Silvar, C. (2016). Assessing genetic and phenotypic diversity in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) landraces from North-West Spain. Scientia Horticulturae, 203, 1–11.
Sandeva Atanasova, N., Jankulovska, M., & Ivanovska, S. (2021). Genetic diversity of Macedonian embroidered pepper (Capsicum spp.) based on fruit morphological traits. Acta Horticulturae, 1320, 33–39.
Santiago-Luna, E. G., Carrillo-Rodríguez, J. C., Chávez-Servia, J. L., Perales-Segovia, C., & Heredia-Garcia, E. (2018). Variation of plant and fruit traits in native mexican costeño pepper. Horticultura Brasileira, 36(3), 399–407.
Santos, T. de O., Moulin, M. M., Rangel, L. H., Pirovani, R. O. L., Valadares, F. V., Almeida, R. N. de, & Silva, L. O. E. (2019). Characterization and Diversity of Peppers (Capsicum spp.) Genotypes Based on Morphological Traits Using Multivariate Analysis. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, JEAI, 39(1): 1-10, 2010; Article no. JEAI.50114
Todorova, V. (2007). Fruit Characterization and Influence of Variation Factors in Pepper Kapiya Type Varieties and Breeding Lines (Capsicum annuum L.). In Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 13: 309-315
Tsonev S., Todorova, V., Groseva, S., Popova, T., and Todorovska E.G. (2017). Evaluation of diversity in Bulgarian pepper cultivars by agronomical traits and ISSR markers. Genetika, 49 (2): 647-662.
XL STAT Version 2014.5.03 Copyright Addinsoft 1995-2014