EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS ON YIELD OF GRAFTED PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
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Published:
Jun 15, 2023
Keywords:
cultivars, fruit mass, grafting, number of fruits, rootstocks, yield.
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Abstract
A field study was carried out in the region of Shtime, the central part of Kosovo, in 2021 to investigate the rootstock effect on the number of fruits per plant, fruit mass per plant, and the obtained yield of grafted pepper in greenhouse conditions. For that purpose, the following cultivars were used as scions, ”Vedrana‟, ”Kaptur‟, ”Ariadni” and ”Gelby‟, while ”SM Tant‟, ”Vital Paprika‟ and ”6210‟ as rootstocks. Non-grafted cultivars of ”Vedrana‟, ”Ariadni‟, ”Kaptur‟ and ”Gelby‟ were used as control treatments. The trial was designed in a randomized block system with four replications or 64 experimental plots in total. Each experimental plot contained 20 plants. The plants were transplanted in a plant density of 0.60m x 0.40m x 1.0m, or 4 plants/m2. In addition, regular cultural practices were applied regarding irrigation, fertilization, and plant protection. According to the obtained results, differences were observed in terms of the average number of fruits per plant, average fruit mass(g), and the total yield (kg ha-1), depending on the rootstock-scion combination and the different ripening stages. The largest number of fruits per plant was observed in the grafted combination ”Ariadni/Sm Tant‟ (15.41) and in the ”Gelby/Sm Tant‟ combination (14.31), while the lowest number of fruits was recorded in the plants from the cultivar ”Vedrana‟ non-grafted (8.33) and the combination” Kaptur/6210‟ (7.99). The highest fruit mass was observed with the combination ”Vedrana/Sm Tant‟, while the highest total yield was observed in the combination ”Ariadni/Sm Tant‟, followed by ”Vedrana/Sm Tant‟. The lowest yield was recorded in the combination ”Kaptur/Sm Tant‟ and the combination ”Kaptur/6210‟.
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References
Anketa e Ekonomive Shtëpiake Bujqësore, ASK 2021. https://ask.rks-gov.net.
Bogoescu, M., Doltu, M., Sora, D., & Iordache, I. (2019). Grafting bell peppers an alternative for growers. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 76(1), DOI:10.15835/buasvmcn-hort: 2018.0026.
Camposeco-Montejo, N., Robledo-Torres, V., Ramírez-Godina, F., Mendoza-Villarreal, R., Pérez-Rodríguez, M. A., & Cabrera-de la Fuente M. (2018). Response of bell pepper to rootstock and greenhouse cultivation in coconut fiber or soil. Agronomy, 8, 1-12.
Donas-Ucles, F., Jiménez-Luna, M., Del, M., Góngora-Corral, J.A., Pérez-Madrid, D., Verde-Fernández, F., & Camacho-Ferre, F. (2014). Influence of three rootstocks on yield and commercial quality of Italian Sweet pepper. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 38, 538-545.
Ergun, V., & Aktas, H. (2018). Effect of grafting on yield and fruit quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under open field conditions. Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture, 62, 463-466.
Estañ, M. T., Martinez-Rodriguez, M. M., Perez-Alfocea, F., Flowers, T. J., & Bolarin, M. C. (2005). Grafting raises the salt tolerance of tomato through limiting the transport of sodium and chloride to the shoot. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56(412), 703-712. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eri027.
Gisbert, C., Sánchez-Torres, P., Raigón, M. D., & Nueza, F. (2010). Phytophthora capsici resistance evaluation in pepper hybrids: Agronomic performance and fruit quality of pepper grafted plants. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 8(1), 116-121.
Gisbert-Mullor, R., Ceccanti, C., Padilla, Y. G., López-Galarza, S., Calatayud, A., Conte, G., & Guidi, L. (2020). Effect of grafting on the production, physico-chemical characteristics and nutritional quality of fruit from pepper landraces. Antioxidants, 9(501). doi:10.3390/antiox9060501.
JMP® Software, Statistical Discovery (2010).
Kaçiu, S. (2009). Study of the current situation of pepper production in Kosovo. (Evaluation of the current situation and recommendations for more productive pepper production and marketing). Horticultural Promotion in Kosovo (HPK). Project funded by the governments of Switzerland and Denmark, September 2009.
Kaçiu, S. (2011). Kultivimi i perimeve ne mjediset e mbrojtura [Cultivation of vegetables in protected environments], Cooperative office, MASHT/DANIDA 2011, Prishtinë.
Khankahdani, H. H., Zakeri, E., Saeedi, G., & Shakerdargah, G. (2012). Evaluation of different rootstocks and grafting techniques on graft union percent, yield and yield components of watermelon CV. ‘Crimson Sweet’. World Applied Sciences Journal 18(5), 645-651.
Kombo, M. D., & Sari, N. (2019). Rootstock effects on seed yield and quality in watermelon. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 60, 303-312.
Lee, J. M. (1994). Cultivation of grafted vegetables I: current status, grafting methods and benefits. Horticultura Science, 29, 235-239.
Lee, J. M., Kubota, C., Tsao, S. J., Bie, Z., Echevarria, P. H., Morra, L., & Oda, M. (2010). Current status of vegetable grafting: Diffusion, grafting techniques, automation. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(2), 93-105. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.003.
Leoni, S., Grudina, R., Cadinu, M., Madeddu, B., & Carletti M. G. (1990). The influence of four rootstocks on some melon hybrids and a cultivar in greenhouse. Acta Hort., 287, 127-134.
Lopez, M. J., Galvez, L. A., Del Amor, F., Albacete, A., & Pérez, A. F. (2014). Selecting vegetative/generative/dwarfing rootstocks for improving fruit yield and quality in water stressed sweet pepper. Scientia Horticulturae, 214, 9-17.
López, M. J., Galvez, L. A., Porras, I., & Brotons, M. J. M. (2012). Injerto en pimiento [ Pepper Grafting ] (Capsicum annuum): Beneficios y rentabilidad de su uso [Benefits and profitability of its use]. ITEA 2012, 20, 1-20.
Marquez, P. A., & Sánchez, C. E. (2017). Influence of the variety, rootstock and harvest time on the quality and maturity indices in Bell pepper. Nova Scientia, 9(19), 1-23.
Maršić, K. N., Veberič, R., & Mikulič-Petkovšek, P. (2019). Effect of grafting on yield and quality traits of pepper fruits, grown in soil and soilless system. Session 4. Vegetable Growing, Ornamental, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants. 54th Croatian & 14th International Symposium on Agriculture, February 17-22, 2019, Vodice, Croatia.
Maršić, K. N., Znidarćič, D., & Jakse, M. (2016). Different scion/rootstock combinations influence the yield and quality of grafted watermelon fruits. VI Balkan Symposium on Vegetables and Potatoes. Acta Horticulturae, 1142, 19-24.
Nielsen, G., & Kappel, F. (1996). ‘Bing’ sweet cherry leaf nutrition is affected by rootstock. HortScience., 31(7), 1169-1172.
Oka, Y., Offenbach, R., & Pivonia, S. (2004). Pepper rootstock graft compatibility and response to Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita. The Journal of Nematology, 36(2), 137-141.
Ozmen, S., Kanber, R., Sari, N., & Unlu. M. (2015). The effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption, yield, and quality in drip irrigated grafted and ungrafted watermelon. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(5), 966-976.
Pardeep, K., Shivani, R., Parveen, S., & Viplove., N. (2015). Vegetable grafting: A boon to vegetable growers to combat biotic and abioticstresses. Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, 41(1), 1-5.
Penella, C., Landi, M., Giudi, L., Nebauer, S. G., Pelligrini, E., San Bautista, A., Remorini, D., Nali, C., Lopez-Galarza, S., & Calatyud, A. (2016). Salt tolerant rootstock increases yield of pepper under salinity through maintenance of photosynthetic performance and sinks strength. Journal of Plant Phsyiology, 193, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.02.007.
Rico, G. L., Medina, R. S., Muñoz, S. C. I., Guevara, O. L., Guevara, G. R. G., Guerrero, A. B. Z., Torres, P. I., & Rodríguez, G. R. (2004). Detección de phytophthora capsici leonian en plantas de chile (Capsicum annuum L.) mediante PCR. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologia, 22(1), 1-6.
Rivard, C. L., & Louws, F. J. (2008). Grafting to manage soilborne diseases in heirloom tomato production. Horticultura science, 43, 2104-2111.
Sánchez, C. E., Torres, G. A., Flores, C. M. A., Preciado, R. P., & Marquez, Q. C. (2015). Use of rootstocks on the yield, fruit quality and resistance to Phytophthora capsici Leonian in bell peppers. Nova Scientia, 7(15), 227-244.
Schwarz, D., Rouphael, Y., Colla, G., & Venema, J. H. (2010). Grafting as a tool to improve tolerance of vegetables to abiotic stresses: thermal stress, water stress and organic pollutants. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(2), 162-171. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.016.
Soltan, M. M., ElAidy, F. A., Scheerens, J. C., & Kleinhenz, K, M. (2017). Grafting, scion and rootstock effects on survival rate, vegetative growth and fruit yield of high tunnel-grown grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants. Advances in Crop Science Technology 5(5), https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000312.
Ulas, F., Yetisir, H., & Ulas, A. (2020). Effects of grafting on fruit yield and leaf nutrientcontents of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines. Genetika, 52(3), 1041-1053.
Yassin, H., & Hussen, S. (2015). Review on role of grafting on yield and quality of selected fruit vegetables. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary, 15(1), 1-17. Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896.
Zijlstra, S., Groot, S. P. C., & Jansen, J. (1994). Genotypic variation of rootstocks for growth and production in cucumber; possibilities for improving the root system by plant breeding. Scientia Horticulturae, 56(3), 185-196.
Bogoescu, M., Doltu, M., Sora, D., & Iordache, I. (2019). Grafting bell peppers an alternative for growers. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 76(1), DOI:10.15835/buasvmcn-hort: 2018.0026.
Camposeco-Montejo, N., Robledo-Torres, V., Ramírez-Godina, F., Mendoza-Villarreal, R., Pérez-Rodríguez, M. A., & Cabrera-de la Fuente M. (2018). Response of bell pepper to rootstock and greenhouse cultivation in coconut fiber or soil. Agronomy, 8, 1-12.
Donas-Ucles, F., Jiménez-Luna, M., Del, M., Góngora-Corral, J.A., Pérez-Madrid, D., Verde-Fernández, F., & Camacho-Ferre, F. (2014). Influence of three rootstocks on yield and commercial quality of Italian Sweet pepper. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 38, 538-545.
Ergun, V., & Aktas, H. (2018). Effect of grafting on yield and fruit quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under open field conditions. Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture, 62, 463-466.
Estañ, M. T., Martinez-Rodriguez, M. M., Perez-Alfocea, F., Flowers, T. J., & Bolarin, M. C. (2005). Grafting raises the salt tolerance of tomato through limiting the transport of sodium and chloride to the shoot. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56(412), 703-712. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eri027.
Gisbert, C., Sánchez-Torres, P., Raigón, M. D., & Nueza, F. (2010). Phytophthora capsici resistance evaluation in pepper hybrids: Agronomic performance and fruit quality of pepper grafted plants. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 8(1), 116-121.
Gisbert-Mullor, R., Ceccanti, C., Padilla, Y. G., López-Galarza, S., Calatayud, A., Conte, G., & Guidi, L. (2020). Effect of grafting on the production, physico-chemical characteristics and nutritional quality of fruit from pepper landraces. Antioxidants, 9(501). doi:10.3390/antiox9060501.
JMP® Software, Statistical Discovery (2010).
Kaçiu, S. (2009). Study of the current situation of pepper production in Kosovo. (Evaluation of the current situation and recommendations for more productive pepper production and marketing). Horticultural Promotion in Kosovo (HPK). Project funded by the governments of Switzerland and Denmark, September 2009.
Kaçiu, S. (2011). Kultivimi i perimeve ne mjediset e mbrojtura [Cultivation of vegetables in protected environments], Cooperative office, MASHT/DANIDA 2011, Prishtinë.
Khankahdani, H. H., Zakeri, E., Saeedi, G., & Shakerdargah, G. (2012). Evaluation of different rootstocks and grafting techniques on graft union percent, yield and yield components of watermelon CV. ‘Crimson Sweet’. World Applied Sciences Journal 18(5), 645-651.
Kombo, M. D., & Sari, N. (2019). Rootstock effects on seed yield and quality in watermelon. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 60, 303-312.
Lee, J. M. (1994). Cultivation of grafted vegetables I: current status, grafting methods and benefits. Horticultura Science, 29, 235-239.
Lee, J. M., Kubota, C., Tsao, S. J., Bie, Z., Echevarria, P. H., Morra, L., & Oda, M. (2010). Current status of vegetable grafting: Diffusion, grafting techniques, automation. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(2), 93-105. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.003.
Leoni, S., Grudina, R., Cadinu, M., Madeddu, B., & Carletti M. G. (1990). The influence of four rootstocks on some melon hybrids and a cultivar in greenhouse. Acta Hort., 287, 127-134.
Lopez, M. J., Galvez, L. A., Del Amor, F., Albacete, A., & Pérez, A. F. (2014). Selecting vegetative/generative/dwarfing rootstocks for improving fruit yield and quality in water stressed sweet pepper. Scientia Horticulturae, 214, 9-17.
López, M. J., Galvez, L. A., Porras, I., & Brotons, M. J. M. (2012). Injerto en pimiento [ Pepper Grafting ] (Capsicum annuum): Beneficios y rentabilidad de su uso [Benefits and profitability of its use]. ITEA 2012, 20, 1-20.
Marquez, P. A., & Sánchez, C. E. (2017). Influence of the variety, rootstock and harvest time on the quality and maturity indices in Bell pepper. Nova Scientia, 9(19), 1-23.
Maršić, K. N., Veberič, R., & Mikulič-Petkovšek, P. (2019). Effect of grafting on yield and quality traits of pepper fruits, grown in soil and soilless system. Session 4. Vegetable Growing, Ornamental, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants. 54th Croatian & 14th International Symposium on Agriculture, February 17-22, 2019, Vodice, Croatia.
Maršić, K. N., Znidarćič, D., & Jakse, M. (2016). Different scion/rootstock combinations influence the yield and quality of grafted watermelon fruits. VI Balkan Symposium on Vegetables and Potatoes. Acta Horticulturae, 1142, 19-24.
Nielsen, G., & Kappel, F. (1996). ‘Bing’ sweet cherry leaf nutrition is affected by rootstock. HortScience., 31(7), 1169-1172.
Oka, Y., Offenbach, R., & Pivonia, S. (2004). Pepper rootstock graft compatibility and response to Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita. The Journal of Nematology, 36(2), 137-141.
Ozmen, S., Kanber, R., Sari, N., & Unlu. M. (2015). The effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption, yield, and quality in drip irrigated grafted and ungrafted watermelon. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(5), 966-976.
Pardeep, K., Shivani, R., Parveen, S., & Viplove., N. (2015). Vegetable grafting: A boon to vegetable growers to combat biotic and abioticstresses. Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, 41(1), 1-5.
Penella, C., Landi, M., Giudi, L., Nebauer, S. G., Pelligrini, E., San Bautista, A., Remorini, D., Nali, C., Lopez-Galarza, S., & Calatyud, A. (2016). Salt tolerant rootstock increases yield of pepper under salinity through maintenance of photosynthetic performance and sinks strength. Journal of Plant Phsyiology, 193, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.02.007.
Rico, G. L., Medina, R. S., Muñoz, S. C. I., Guevara, O. L., Guevara, G. R. G., Guerrero, A. B. Z., Torres, P. I., & Rodríguez, G. R. (2004). Detección de phytophthora capsici leonian en plantas de chile (Capsicum annuum L.) mediante PCR. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologia, 22(1), 1-6.
Rivard, C. L., & Louws, F. J. (2008). Grafting to manage soilborne diseases in heirloom tomato production. Horticultura science, 43, 2104-2111.
Sánchez, C. E., Torres, G. A., Flores, C. M. A., Preciado, R. P., & Marquez, Q. C. (2015). Use of rootstocks on the yield, fruit quality and resistance to Phytophthora capsici Leonian in bell peppers. Nova Scientia, 7(15), 227-244.
Schwarz, D., Rouphael, Y., Colla, G., & Venema, J. H. (2010). Grafting as a tool to improve tolerance of vegetables to abiotic stresses: thermal stress, water stress and organic pollutants. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(2), 162-171. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.016.
Soltan, M. M., ElAidy, F. A., Scheerens, J. C., & Kleinhenz, K, M. (2017). Grafting, scion and rootstock effects on survival rate, vegetative growth and fruit yield of high tunnel-grown grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants. Advances in Crop Science Technology 5(5), https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000312.
Ulas, F., Yetisir, H., & Ulas, A. (2020). Effects of grafting on fruit yield and leaf nutrientcontents of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines. Genetika, 52(3), 1041-1053.
Yassin, H., & Hussen, S. (2015). Review on role of grafting on yield and quality of selected fruit vegetables. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary, 15(1), 1-17. Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896.
Zijlstra, S., Groot, S. P. C., & Jansen, J. (1994). Genotypic variation of rootstocks for growth and production in cucumber; possibilities for improving the root system by plant breeding. Scientia Horticulturae, 56(3), 185-196.