DETERMINATION OF VITAMINS A, E AND C IN MILK AS IMPROVERS OF ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
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Dec 15, 2022
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As a part of food and feed, nutrients including proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and water serve to meet animal physiological needs, maintain basal metabolism and reproduction, and the productive needs of milk production. Antioxidants have important role in inhibition of oxidative processes not only in living organisms, but also in food and feed preventing their oxidation and degradation. In this study determined were vitamins A, E and C in cow milk from three production farms as nutrients that increase the effect of antioxidant activity in caw milk. Vitamin A (Retinol) and vitamin E (Tocopherol) has analyzed by HPLC technique, using Perkin Elmer apparatus with pump: series 200LC, auto sampler, ISS - 200, detector LC - 135 / LC -235 C DA. Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) was analyzed spectrophotometrically (Spectroquant Pharo 300 - Merck) at 520 nm. Vitamins A and E have shown higher values in samples of raw milk compared to those determined in pasteurized milk. The determined values of vitamin A, E and C in investigated milk samples were in agreement with the literature data, and they have shown statistical significance of difference in concentrations of some particular vitamins.
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Al-Ani, M., Linus U. Opara, L.U., Al-Bahri D., & Al-Rahbi N. (2007). Spectrophotometric quantification of ascorbic acid contents of fruit and vegetables using the 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine method. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 5 (3&4), 165-168.
Alberta Agriculture & Rural Development (ARD). (2012). Nutrition and management types and sources of protein. http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/beef11678
Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB), (2018). Concentrate feeds, Agricultural drought impact summer 2018. UK.
AOAC Official Method 950.02. (2012). Animal Nutrition group, (2000 - 2010). Animal Feed. Preparation of Sample.
http://www.grains.k-state.edu/extension/doc/procedures/animal-feed-fiberprocedures.pdf, 16.06.2018.
Bender, D.A. (2003). Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge, U.K. Cambridge University Press.
Carné, S., & Zaragoza A. (2004). Role of Antioxidants in Feed and Effects on Meat Quality, Technical Department Industrial Técnica Pecuaria, S. A. (ITPSA), Cortinas. http://www.itpsa.com/images/stories/pdfs/Antiox-Nutrinews-Nov14ENG.pdf
Clausen, M. R., Skibsted, L. H. & Stagsted, J. (2009). Characterization of major radical scavenger species in bovine milk through size exclusion chromatography and functional assays. J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 2912-2919.
Cornell, C., Cornell Universitety. (2018). College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Dairy Extension, Food Safety Laboratory and milk quality Improvement program, Composition of milk (pp. 1-5).
Caisin L, Vasile H., & Vasile V. (2012). Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of the Fooder Grown in the Conditions of the Republic of Moldava, Scientific papers, series D. Animal Science, vol. LVI.
Carlsen, H. М., Bente, L., Halvorsen, K.H., Bohn, S. K., Dragland, S., Sampson, L., Willey, C., Senoo, H., Umezono, Y., Sanada, C., Barikmo, I., Berhe, N., Walter, C. Phillips, W., Jacobs, K., Jr, D.R. & Rune, B. (2010). The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldwide. Nutr J., 9, 3.
Ferris, C. P., Patterson, D. C., Gordon, F. J., & Kilpatrick, D. J. (2003). The effect of concentrate feed level on the response of lactating dairy cows to a constant proportion of fodder beet inclusion in a grass silage-based diet. Grass and Forage Science, 58, 17-27.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Dairy Federation Rome (2011). Guide to Good Dairy Farming Practice. FAO Animal Production and Health ISSN 8, 1810-0708.
Grażyna, C., Czeczot, H., Ambroziak, A., & Bielecka, M., M. (2017). Natural antioxidants in milk and dairy products. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 2, 165-178.
Hurley, W., L. (2009). Milk Composition and Characteristics, Milk composition & Synthesis. University Illinois, Urbana, Champaign.
Hayajneh, F., & Mahmoud, F., (2014). Antioxidants in Dairy Cattle Health and Disease. Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine, 71 (1), 104-109.
Harvard Medical School (2020). Listing of vitamins. Harvard Health Publishing.
Jones, C. M., & Heinrichs, A., J. (2018). Milk components: Understanding milk fat and protein variation in dairy herd, Description of variation found in production of milk components, factors that contribute to this variation, and strategies to improve component production.
https://extension.psu.edu/milk-components-understanding-milk-fat-and-proteinvariation-in-your-dairy-herd
Kapur, A., Hasković, A., Čopra-Janićijević, A., Klepo, L., Topčagić, A., Tahirović, I., & Sofić, E. (2012, Margh, 26). Spectrophotometric analysis of total ascorbic acid contetnt in various fruits and vegetables, Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 39, 39-42.
Harvard Health (2009). Listing of vitamins. Harvard Health Publishing.
Marin, M., Hodoșan, C., Nicolae, C., Diniță, G., Drăgotoiu, T., & Nistor, L. (2016). Researches Regarding the Chemical Composition and Gross Energy of Sorghum in Comparison to other Forages for Feeding Cattle and Pigs. Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, vol. LIX, 2016 ISSN 2285-5750; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769; ISSN Online 2393-2260; ISSN-L 2285-5750.
Naziroglu, M., Simsek, M., Simsek, H., Aydilek, N., Özcan, Z., & Atılgan, R. (2004). The effects of hormone replacement therapy combined with vitamins C and E on antioxidants levels and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Clin. Chem. Acta., 344, 63-71.
Noziere, P., Graulet, B., Lucas, A., Martin, B., Grolier, P., & Doreau, M. (2006). Carotenoids for ruminants: from foragers to dairy products. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.,131, 418-450.
Penny, Van E. (2017). The Politics of Breastfeeding. In Stuart-Macadam, P. & Dettwyler, K., A. (Eds). Breastfeeding: Biocultural Perspectives. Chapter 1, (pp.38), New York.
Palozza, P., Calviello, G., Maggiano, N., Lanza, P., Ranelletti, F. O., & Bartoli, G. M. (2000). Beta-carotene antagonizes the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on cell growth and lipid peroxidation in WiDr adenocarcinoma cells. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 28, 228-234.
Ross, A. (2006a). Vitamin A and Carotenoids. In: Shils, M., Shike, M., Ross, A., Caballero, B., & Cousins R. (eds.), Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease (pp. 351-75). 10th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Ross, C. A. (2010b). Vitamin A. In Coates P., M, Betz, J., M, Blackman, M., R. et al., (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements (pp. 778-91). 2nd ed. London and New York: Informa Healthcare.
Surai, P., F. (2003, January). Selenium-vitamin E interactions: Does 1 + 1 equal more than 2? In Conference paper, Antioxidant and Lipid Research Group, Avian Science Research Centre, SAC, Scotland, UK.
Tomovska, J., Menkovska M., Ahmad M. A. (2018). Determination of vitamin C in different types of milk, The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES), vol. 7, issue 5, ver. 2, pp. 77-82.
Theodoridou, K., & Koidis, T. (2005-2017). New approaches to feeding dairy cows: The use of bioactive compounds from plant and food resources, Find A PhD Project. Queen’s University Belfasт, European/UK).
World Health Organization (2005). Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. 2nd ed. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42716
Alberta Agriculture & Rural Development (ARD). (2012). Nutrition and management types and sources of protein. http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/beef11678
Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB), (2018). Concentrate feeds, Agricultural drought impact summer 2018. UK.
AOAC Official Method 950.02. (2012). Animal Nutrition group, (2000 - 2010). Animal Feed. Preparation of Sample.
http://www.grains.k-state.edu/extension/doc/procedures/animal-feed-fiberprocedures.pdf, 16.06.2018.
Bender, D.A. (2003). Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge, U.K. Cambridge University Press.
Carné, S., & Zaragoza A. (2004). Role of Antioxidants in Feed and Effects on Meat Quality, Technical Department Industrial Técnica Pecuaria, S. A. (ITPSA), Cortinas. http://www.itpsa.com/images/stories/pdfs/Antiox-Nutrinews-Nov14ENG.pdf
Clausen, M. R., Skibsted, L. H. & Stagsted, J. (2009). Characterization of major radical scavenger species in bovine milk through size exclusion chromatography and functional assays. J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 2912-2919.
Cornell, C., Cornell Universitety. (2018). College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Dairy Extension, Food Safety Laboratory and milk quality Improvement program, Composition of milk (pp. 1-5).
Caisin L, Vasile H., & Vasile V. (2012). Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of the Fooder Grown in the Conditions of the Republic of Moldava, Scientific papers, series D. Animal Science, vol. LVI.
Carlsen, H. М., Bente, L., Halvorsen, K.H., Bohn, S. K., Dragland, S., Sampson, L., Willey, C., Senoo, H., Umezono, Y., Sanada, C., Barikmo, I., Berhe, N., Walter, C. Phillips, W., Jacobs, K., Jr, D.R. & Rune, B. (2010). The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldwide. Nutr J., 9, 3.
Ferris, C. P., Patterson, D. C., Gordon, F. J., & Kilpatrick, D. J. (2003). The effect of concentrate feed level on the response of lactating dairy cows to a constant proportion of fodder beet inclusion in a grass silage-based diet. Grass and Forage Science, 58, 17-27.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Dairy Federation Rome (2011). Guide to Good Dairy Farming Practice. FAO Animal Production and Health ISSN 8, 1810-0708.
Grażyna, C., Czeczot, H., Ambroziak, A., & Bielecka, M., M. (2017). Natural antioxidants in milk and dairy products. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 2, 165-178.
Hurley, W., L. (2009). Milk Composition and Characteristics, Milk composition & Synthesis. University Illinois, Urbana, Champaign.
Hayajneh, F., & Mahmoud, F., (2014). Antioxidants in Dairy Cattle Health and Disease. Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine, 71 (1), 104-109.
Harvard Medical School (2020). Listing of vitamins. Harvard Health Publishing.
Jones, C. M., & Heinrichs, A., J. (2018). Milk components: Understanding milk fat and protein variation in dairy herd, Description of variation found in production of milk components, factors that contribute to this variation, and strategies to improve component production.
https://extension.psu.edu/milk-components-understanding-milk-fat-and-proteinvariation-in-your-dairy-herd
Kapur, A., Hasković, A., Čopra-Janićijević, A., Klepo, L., Topčagić, A., Tahirović, I., & Sofić, E. (2012, Margh, 26). Spectrophotometric analysis of total ascorbic acid contetnt in various fruits and vegetables, Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 39, 39-42.
Harvard Health (2009). Listing of vitamins. Harvard Health Publishing.
Marin, M., Hodoșan, C., Nicolae, C., Diniță, G., Drăgotoiu, T., & Nistor, L. (2016). Researches Regarding the Chemical Composition and Gross Energy of Sorghum in Comparison to other Forages for Feeding Cattle and Pigs. Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, vol. LIX, 2016 ISSN 2285-5750; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769; ISSN Online 2393-2260; ISSN-L 2285-5750.
Naziroglu, M., Simsek, M., Simsek, H., Aydilek, N., Özcan, Z., & Atılgan, R. (2004). The effects of hormone replacement therapy combined with vitamins C and E on antioxidants levels and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Clin. Chem. Acta., 344, 63-71.
Noziere, P., Graulet, B., Lucas, A., Martin, B., Grolier, P., & Doreau, M. (2006). Carotenoids for ruminants: from foragers to dairy products. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.,131, 418-450.
Penny, Van E. (2017). The Politics of Breastfeeding. In Stuart-Macadam, P. & Dettwyler, K., A. (Eds). Breastfeeding: Biocultural Perspectives. Chapter 1, (pp.38), New York.
Palozza, P., Calviello, G., Maggiano, N., Lanza, P., Ranelletti, F. O., & Bartoli, G. M. (2000). Beta-carotene antagonizes the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on cell growth and lipid peroxidation in WiDr adenocarcinoma cells. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 28, 228-234.
Ross, A. (2006a). Vitamin A and Carotenoids. In: Shils, M., Shike, M., Ross, A., Caballero, B., & Cousins R. (eds.), Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease (pp. 351-75). 10th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Ross, C. A. (2010b). Vitamin A. In Coates P., M, Betz, J., M, Blackman, M., R. et al., (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements (pp. 778-91). 2nd ed. London and New York: Informa Healthcare.
Surai, P., F. (2003, January). Selenium-vitamin E interactions: Does 1 + 1 equal more than 2? In Conference paper, Antioxidant and Lipid Research Group, Avian Science Research Centre, SAC, Scotland, UK.
Tomovska, J., Menkovska M., Ahmad M. A. (2018). Determination of vitamin C in different types of milk, The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES), vol. 7, issue 5, ver. 2, pp. 77-82.
Theodoridou, K., & Koidis, T. (2005-2017). New approaches to feeding dairy cows: The use of bioactive compounds from plant and food resources, Find A PhD Project. Queen’s University Belfasт, European/UK).
World Health Organization (2005). Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. 2nd ed. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42716