THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CUTTING TIMES ON THE MACRO MINERAL CONTENT OF ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.) GENOTYPES
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Jun 15, 2023
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of different cutting times on the important macro mineral contents of twenty-four alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes. For this reason, a field trial was established according to separated plots in randomized blocks design with three replications in the Research Area of Agriculture Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey in 2020. The alfalfa genotypes were subjected to three different forage cutting times. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd cuttings were made respectively in the pre-flowering, 10% flowering and full flowering periods of alfalfa genotypes. In terms of all examined macro minerals in the study, there found to be statistically highly significant (P<0.01) differences between cutting times, genotypes and genotypes × cutting times interaction. In the research, the macro mineral contents of the genotypes changed between the cutting times as follows; calcium (Ca) 1.41%-1.81%, phosphorus (P) 0.37%-0.50%, magnesium (Mg) 0.31%-0.42% and potassium (K) 1.94%-3.42%. The results of the research revealed that Ca and Mg contents in forages of alfalfa genotypes increased with advancing plant maturity stage, whereas K and P contents decreased. In conclusion, according to the average of the cutting times, Resis (22) cultivar came to fore in terms of Ca content, while many genotypes, sharing the same statistical group, were found superior in terms of P, Mg and K contents.
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Aksoy, I. & Nursoy, H. (2010). Determination of the varying of vegetation harvested Hungarian vetch and wheat mixture on nutrient content, degradation kinetics, in vitro digestibility and relative feed value. Kafkas Ünv. Vet. Fak. Dergisi, 16, 925–931.
ARC, 1980. The Nutrients Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. 4th ed. 73-310. CAB International, Wallingford.
Atıs, I., Celiktas, N., Can, E., & Yılmaz, S. (2019). The effects of cutting intervals and seeding rates on forage yield and quality of alfalfa, Turk Journal of Field Crops, 24(1), 12-20 DOI: 10.17557/tjfc.562632
Avcıoglu R, Hatipoglu, R. and Karadag Y. (2009). Forage Crops Volume II: Forage Legumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Production and Development, İzmir.
Basaran, U., Mut, H., Onal, O., Acar, Z., & Ayan, I. (2011). Variability in forage quality of Turkish grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) landraces. Turk. J. Field Crops, 16, 9-14.
Basbag M., Cacan E., Aydın A., & Sayar M.S. (2011). Determination forage quality traits of some vetch species collected from native flora Southeastern Anatolia. International Participation I. Ali Numan Kırac Agricultural Congress and Fair. April 27 to 30, 2011. Eskişehir, Turkey.
Basbag, M., Cacan, E., Sayar, M.S., & Karan, H. (2018). Identification of certain agricultural traits and inter-trait relationships in the Helianthemum ledifolium (L.) MILLER var. lasiocarpum (Willk.) Bornm. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 50(4), 1369-1373.
Başbag, M., Sayar. M.S., Cacan, E. & Karan, H. (2021). Determining quality traits of some concentrate feedstuffs and assessments on relations between the feeds and the traits using biplot analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(2A), 1627-1635.
Cınar, S. (2012). Determination of yield and quality characteristics of some cultivars and populations of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) in Cukurova Region. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 29 (1), 29–33.
Clanton, D.C. (1980). Applied potassium nutrition in beef cattle. p. 17-32. In Proc. Third International Minerals Conf., Miami, FL. Jan. 17-18, 1980.
Dale, N., & A. Batal, 2016. Feedstuffs Ingredient Analysis Table: 2016 edition. (Available at: https://feedstuffs.farmcentric.com/mdfm/Feeess50/author/427/2015/11/Feedstuffs_RIBG_Ingredient_Analysis_Table_2016.pdf)
Frame, J., Charlton, J.F.L., & Laidlaw A.S. (1998). Temperate Forage Legumes. CAB International. Wallingford, 327 pp.
Freer, M., Dove, H., & Nolan J.V. 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 270 pages. DOI:10.1071/9780643095106
Engin, B. & Mut, H. (2017). Determination of hay yield and some quality traits of different alfalfa cultivars. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(2): 212-219.
Kallenbach, R. L., Nelson, C. J., & Coutts, J.H. (2002). Yield, quality, and persistence of grazing and hay-type alfalfa under three harvest frequencies. Argonomy Journal, 94, 1094-1103.
Kamberi, M., Kaliqi, A., Kryeziu, A., Zogaj, M., & Ramadani, X. (2013). Dynamics of calcium changes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaves and stems as affected by maturity stage. Agrarni Nauki, 5 (14),165-168.
Karayilanli, E. & Ayhan, V. (2016). Investigation of feed value of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) harvested at different maturity stages. Legume Research, 39(2), 237-247 https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v0iOF.9292
Marković, J., Štrbanović, R., Cvetković, M., Anđelković, B., & Živković, B. (2009). Effects of growth stage on the mineral concentrations in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) leaf, stem and the whole plant. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 25 (5-6), 1225-1231.
McDowell, L.R (1992). Minerals in animal and human nutrition. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
Márquez-Madrid, M., Gutiérrez-Bañuelos, H., Bañuelos-Valenzuela, R., Muro-Reyes, A., & David Valdez-Cepeda, R. (2017). Macro-mineral concentrations in soil and forage in three grassland sites at Zacatecas. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu. 8(4), 437-443. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v8i4.4197
McDowell, LR, & Arthington J.D. (2005). Minerales para rumiantes en pastoreo en regiones tropicales. 4ª ed. Universidad de Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Minson, D. J. (1990). Phosphorus, Editor(s): Dennis J. Minson, Forage in Ruminant Nutrition, Academic Press, 1990, Pages 230-264, ISBN 9780124983106, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-498310-6.50014-6.
Mineral, (2022). In Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient) (Accessed: 02 July 2022).
NRC. (2000). National Research Council, “Nutrient requirements of beef cattle”. Seventh rev ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press.
Peters, J.B., Kelling, K.A., Speth, P.E. & Offer, S.M. (2005). Alfalfa yield and nutrient uptake as affected by pH and applied K. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36, 583–596. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-200043293
Reid R.L., Post A.J., & Jung G.A. (1970). Mineral composition of forages. Bull W Va Agric Exp Stn. 1970; 589T.
Reuter D.J., & Robinson J.B. (1997). Plant Analysis. An Interpretation Manual. 2nd ed. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.
Samir, T., Karmous, I., Gorai, M., Jaouadi, T. & Loumerem, M. (2021). Effect of cutting time on the performance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes cropped in arid environment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 30(2), 1817-1829.
SAS, Institute. (2002). JMP Statistics. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc. 707 p.
Sayar, M.S. (2011). Alfalfa Cultivation in the GAP Region. Mardin Journal of Food, Agriculture and Livestock 1(2), 46-48.
Sayar, M.S., Anlarsal A.E., & Başbağ M. (2013). Genotype–environment interactions and stability analysis for dry-matter yield and seed yield in Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica CRANTZ.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 18(2), 238-246.
Sayar, M.S., Han, Y., Basbag, M., Gul I., & Polat T. (2015). Rangeland improvement and management studies in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(1), 9-18.
Sayar M.S. (2016). Dry matter yield and forage quality of promising bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) willd. ) lines. VII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium, Jahorina, October 06-09, 2016 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Book of Proceedings, pages: 283-291.
Sayar, M.S., Han, Y. & Basbag, M., (2022). Forage yield and forage quality traits of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia SCOP.) genotypes and evaluations with biplot analysis. Fresen. Environ. Bull., 31(4), 4009-4017.
Sengul, S. Tahtacıoglu, L. & Mermer, A. (2003). Determination of suitable alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) cultivars and lines for Eastern Anatolia Region. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Atatürk University. 34 (4), 321-325.
Smith, D. (1960). Yield and Chemical Composition of oats for forage with advance in maturity. Agronomy Journal, 52(11): 637-639. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1960.00021962005200110008x
Spears, J.W. (1994). Minerals in forages. In: Fahey, G.C.J., Moser, L.E., Martens, D.R. and Collins, M., Eds., Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization. ASA. CSSA. SSSA. Madison, 281-317 pp.
Steel, R.G.D. & J.H. Torrie. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publ. Company.
Tajeda, R., Mcdowell, R., Martin, F.G., & Conrad, J.H., 1985. Mineral element analyses of various tropical forages in Guatemala and their relationship to soil concentration. Nut. Rep. Int. 32, 313-324.
Tucak M., Popovıc, S., Cupıc T. & Krızmanıc, G. (2017). Drought stress responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) breeding populations. Romanian Agricultural Research, 34: 25-30.
TMF (2021). Diyarbakır Regional Directorate of Meteorology records, Turkish Meteorological Forecast of Turkey.
Vasileva, V. & Kostov, O. (2015). Effect of mineral and organic fertilization on alfalfa forage and soil fertility. Emirates Journal of Food Agriculture, 27, 678-686. DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2015.05.288
Yucel C., Sayar M.S., & Yucel H. (2012). Determination of the some properties related to forage quality of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) genotypes under the Diyarbakir conditions. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Harran University, 16(2), 45-54.
Whitehead, D. C., & Jones, E. C. (1969). Nutrient elements in the herbage of white clover, red clover, lucerne and sainfoin. Journal of Science Food Agriculture, 20, 584-591.
Aksoy, I. & Nursoy, H. (2010). Determination of the varying of vegetation harvested Hungarian vetch and wheat mixture on nutrient content, degradation kinetics, in vitro digestibility and relative feed value. Kafkas Ünv. Vet. Fak. Dergisi, 16, 925–931.
ARC, 1980. The Nutrients Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. 4th ed. 73-310. CAB International, Wallingford.
Atıs, I., Celiktas, N., Can, E., & Yılmaz, S. (2019). The effects of cutting intervals and seeding rates on forage yield and quality of alfalfa, Turk Journal of Field Crops, 24(1), 12-20 DOI: 10.17557/tjfc.562632
Avcıoglu R, Hatipoglu, R. and Karadag Y. (2009). Forage Crops Volume II: Forage Legumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Production and Development, İzmir.
Basaran, U., Mut, H., Onal, O., Acar, Z., & Ayan, I. (2011). Variability in forage quality of Turkish grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) landraces. Turk. J. Field Crops, 16, 9-14.
Basbag M., Cacan E., Aydın A., & Sayar M.S. (2011). Determination forage quality traits of some vetch species collected from native flora Southeastern Anatolia. International Participation I. Ali Numan Kırac Agricultural Congress and Fair. April 27 to 30, 2011. Eskişehir, Turkey.
Basbag, M., Cacan, E., Sayar, M.S., & Karan, H. (2018). Identification of certain agricultural traits and inter-trait relationships in the Helianthemum ledifolium (L.) MILLER var. lasiocarpum (Willk.) Bornm. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 50(4), 1369-1373.
Başbag, M., Sayar. M.S., Cacan, E. & Karan, H. (2021). Determining quality traits of some concentrate feedstuffs and assessments on relations between the feeds and the traits using biplot analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(2A), 1627-1635.
Cınar, S. (2012). Determination of yield and quality characteristics of some cultivars and populations of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) in Cukurova Region. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 29 (1), 29–33.
Clanton, D.C. (1980). Applied potassium nutrition in beef cattle. p. 17-32. In Proc. Third International Minerals Conf., Miami, FL. Jan. 17-18, 1980.
Dale, N., & A. Batal, 2016. Feedstuffs Ingredient Analysis Table: 2016 edition. (Available at: https://feedstuffs.farmcentric.com/mdfm/Feeess50/author/427/2015/11/Feedstuffs_RIBG_Ingredient_Analysis_Table_2016.pdf)
Frame, J., Charlton, J.F.L., & Laidlaw A.S. (1998). Temperate Forage Legumes. CAB International. Wallingford, 327 pp.
Freer, M., Dove, H., & Nolan J.V. 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 270 pages. DOI:10.1071/9780643095106
Engin, B. & Mut, H. (2017). Determination of hay yield and some quality traits of different alfalfa cultivars. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(2): 212-219.
Kallenbach, R. L., Nelson, C. J., & Coutts, J.H. (2002). Yield, quality, and persistence of grazing and hay-type alfalfa under three harvest frequencies. Argonomy Journal, 94, 1094-1103.
Kamberi, M., Kaliqi, A., Kryeziu, A., Zogaj, M., & Ramadani, X. (2013). Dynamics of calcium changes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaves and stems as affected by maturity stage. Agrarni Nauki, 5 (14),165-168.
Karayilanli, E. & Ayhan, V. (2016). Investigation of feed value of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) harvested at different maturity stages. Legume Research, 39(2), 237-247 https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v0iOF.9292
Marković, J., Štrbanović, R., Cvetković, M., Anđelković, B., & Živković, B. (2009). Effects of growth stage on the mineral concentrations in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) leaf, stem and the whole plant. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 25 (5-6), 1225-1231.
McDowell, L.R (1992). Minerals in animal and human nutrition. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
Márquez-Madrid, M., Gutiérrez-Bañuelos, H., Bañuelos-Valenzuela, R., Muro-Reyes, A., & David Valdez-Cepeda, R. (2017). Macro-mineral concentrations in soil and forage in three grassland sites at Zacatecas. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu. 8(4), 437-443. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v8i4.4197
McDowell, LR, & Arthington J.D. (2005). Minerales para rumiantes en pastoreo en regiones tropicales. 4ª ed. Universidad de Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Minson, D. J. (1990). Phosphorus, Editor(s): Dennis J. Minson, Forage in Ruminant Nutrition, Academic Press, 1990, Pages 230-264, ISBN 9780124983106, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-498310-6.50014-6.
Mineral, (2022). In Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient) (Accessed: 02 July 2022).
NRC. (2000). National Research Council, “Nutrient requirements of beef cattle”. Seventh rev ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press.
Peters, J.B., Kelling, K.A., Speth, P.E. & Offer, S.M. (2005). Alfalfa yield and nutrient uptake as affected by pH and applied K. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36, 583–596. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-200043293
Reid R.L., Post A.J., & Jung G.A. (1970). Mineral composition of forages. Bull W Va Agric Exp Stn. 1970; 589T.
Reuter D.J., & Robinson J.B. (1997). Plant Analysis. An Interpretation Manual. 2nd ed. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.
Samir, T., Karmous, I., Gorai, M., Jaouadi, T. & Loumerem, M. (2021). Effect of cutting time on the performance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes cropped in arid environment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 30(2), 1817-1829.
SAS, Institute. (2002). JMP Statistics. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc. 707 p.
Sayar, M.S. (2011). Alfalfa Cultivation in the GAP Region. Mardin Journal of Food, Agriculture and Livestock 1(2), 46-48.
Sayar, M.S., Anlarsal A.E., & Başbağ M. (2013). Genotype–environment interactions and stability analysis for dry-matter yield and seed yield in Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica CRANTZ.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 18(2), 238-246.
Sayar, M.S., Han, Y., Basbag, M., Gul I., & Polat T. (2015). Rangeland improvement and management studies in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(1), 9-18.
Sayar M.S. (2016). Dry matter yield and forage quality of promising bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) willd. ) lines. VII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium, Jahorina, October 06-09, 2016 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Book of Proceedings, pages: 283-291.
Sayar, M.S., Han, Y. & Basbag, M., (2022). Forage yield and forage quality traits of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia SCOP.) genotypes and evaluations with biplot analysis. Fresen. Environ. Bull., 31(4), 4009-4017.
Sengul, S. Tahtacıoglu, L. & Mermer, A. (2003). Determination of suitable alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) cultivars and lines for Eastern Anatolia Region. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Atatürk University. 34 (4), 321-325.
Smith, D. (1960). Yield and Chemical Composition of oats for forage with advance in maturity. Agronomy Journal, 52(11): 637-639. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1960.00021962005200110008x
Spears, J.W. (1994). Minerals in forages. In: Fahey, G.C.J., Moser, L.E., Martens, D.R. and Collins, M., Eds., Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization. ASA. CSSA. SSSA. Madison, 281-317 pp.
Steel, R.G.D. & J.H. Torrie. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publ. Company.
Tajeda, R., Mcdowell, R., Martin, F.G., & Conrad, J.H., 1985. Mineral element analyses of various tropical forages in Guatemala and their relationship to soil concentration. Nut. Rep. Int. 32, 313-324.
Tucak M., Popovıc, S., Cupıc T. & Krızmanıc, G. (2017). Drought stress responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) breeding populations. Romanian Agricultural Research, 34: 25-30.
TMF (2021). Diyarbakır Regional Directorate of Meteorology records, Turkish Meteorological Forecast of Turkey.
Vasileva, V. & Kostov, O. (2015). Effect of mineral and organic fertilization on alfalfa forage and soil fertility. Emirates Journal of Food Agriculture, 27, 678-686. DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2015.05.288
Yucel C., Sayar M.S., & Yucel H. (2012). Determination of the some properties related to forage quality of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) genotypes under the Diyarbakir conditions. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Harran University, 16(2), 45-54.
Whitehead, D. C., & Jones, E. C. (1969). Nutrient elements in the herbage of white clover, red clover, lucerne and sainfoin. Journal of Science Food Agriculture, 20, 584-591.