FORAGE QUALITY TRAITS OF SOME ASTERACEAE FAMILY SPECIES FOUND IN NATURAL FLORA OF SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA
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Jun 15, 2023
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This study was carried out in order to reveal the forage quality traits of twelve Asteraceae family species found in Natural Flora of Southeastern Anatolia in terms of animal nutrition. For this reason, forage samples of the species were taken with three replications during flowering periods of the plant species. According to statistical analysis results, there found highly significant (P<0.01) differences among the species in terms of all of the investigated traits. And the following ranges were determined among the species in the investigated traits; crude protein content (CP) 13.37%-26.90%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content 21.78%-34.17, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 28.69%-40.52%, digestible dry matter (DDM) content 62.28%-71.94%, dry matter intake (DMI) 2.97%-4.21%, metabolizable energy (ME) 9.57-11.45 MJ/kg, relative feed value (RFV) 144.2-230.4, phosphor (P) content 0.27%-0.40%, potassium (K) content 1.97%-5.42, calcium (Ca) content 1.21%-1.78%, magnesium (Mg) content 0.32%-0.49%, Ca/P ratio 3.25-5.19 and K/(Ca+Mg) ratio 1.19-2.84. Result of the study revealed that Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass. and Onopardum acontium L. species by far the highest CP content, and except for Gundelia tournoforti L. var. armata all of the examined species had the best forage quality, Prime Forage Class, by considering their RFV values. Moreover, it was determined that the macro mineral contents of the species were above the recommended values for livestock feeding. Additionally, it was determined that most of the examined species had below critical grass tetany value (2.2), away from risk of the grass tetany disorder. Finally, due to Ca/P ratio of the species well above recommended level, the danger of Milk Fewer or Hypocalcaemia disease should be taken into account when using forages of the Asteraceae family species in animal feed.
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Abbasi, M.K., Tahır, M.M., Shah, A.S. & Batool, F. (2009). Mineral nutrient composition of different ecotypes of white clover and their nutrient credit to soil at Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(1): 41-51.
Acıkgoz, E. (2001). Forage Crops. Uludag Univ Publ no:182, Bursa, Turkey, pp. 584.
Amiri, F., & Mohamed Shariff, A.R.B. (2012). Comparison of nutritive values of grasses and legume species using forage quality index. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 34(5), 577-586.
ARC, (1980). The Nutrients Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. 4th ed. 73-310. CAB International, Wallingford.
Ayan, I., H. Mut, O. Onal-Asci, U. Basaran & Z. Acar. 2010. Effects of manure application on the chemical composition of rangeland hay. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 9(13), 1852-1857.
Basaran, U., Mut, H., Onal, O., Acar, Z. & Ayan, I. (2011). Variability in forage quality of Turkish grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) landraces. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 16: 9-14.
Basbag M., Cacan E., Aydın A., & Sayar M.S. (2011). Determination forage quality traits of some vetch species collected from native flora Southeastern Anatolia. International Participation I. Ali Numan Kırac Agricultural Congress and Fair. April 27 to 30, 2011. Eskişehir, Turkey.
Basbag, M., Cacan, E., Sayar, M.S., & Karan, H. (2018). Identification of certain agricultural traits and inter-trait relationships in the Helianthemum ledifolium (L.) MILLER var. lasiocarpum (Willk.) Bornm. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 50(4), 1369-1373.
Basbag, M., Sayar, M.S. & Cacan, E. (2020). Determining forage quality values of Salvia multicaulis VAHL. species collected from different locations of the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. 8(7), 1492-1496. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i7.1492-1496.3373S
Basbag, M., Sayar. M.S., Cacan, E. & Karan, H. (2021). Determining quality traits of some concentrate feedstuffs and assessments on relations between the feeds and the traits using biplot analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(2A), 1627-1635.
Cınar, S. (2012). Determination of yield and quality characteristics of some cultivars and populations of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) in Cukurova Region. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 29 (1), 29–33.
Ensminger M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W.Heinemann. 1990. Feeds & Nutrition, second ed., The Ensminger Publishing Company, California, U.S.A., p: 890.
Jeranyama, P., & Garcia, A.D. (2004). Understanding Relative Feed Value (RFV) and Relative Forage Qality (RFQ). http://agbiopubs. sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx8149.
Judson, G.J. & McFarlane, J.D. (1998). Mineral disorders in grazing livestock and the usefulness of soil and plant analysis in the assessment of these disorders, Australian Joumal of Experimental Agiculture, 3(8), 707-23.
Grass Tetany. (2022). In Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass_tetany (Accessed: 18 September, 2022).
Gungor, T., Basalan, M. & Aydoğan, I. (2008). The determination of nutrient contents and metabolizable energy levels of some roughages produced in Kirikkale region. Veterinary Journal of Ankara University, 55(2): 111-115.
Henderson, S.L., Mosley, T.K., Mosley, J.C. & Kott, R.W. (2012) Spotted knapweed utilization by sequential cattle and sheep grazing. Rangel. Ecol. Manag. 65, 286–291. https:// doi. org/ 10. 2111/REM-D- 09- 00194.1
Kays, S.J. & Nottingham S.F. (2007) Biology and chemistry of Jerusalem artichoke: Helianthus tuberosus L. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Kemp, A, and Hart, M.L. (1957). Grass tetany in grazing milking cows. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 5, 4-17.
Kirchgessner M & Kellner. R.J. (1981). Estimation of the energetic feed value of green and forage feed through the cellulas method. Landwirtschschaftliche Forschung, 34:276-281.
Lacefield, G.D. (1988). Alfalfa Hay Quality Makes the Difference. University of Kentucky Department of Agronomy AGR-137, Lexington Kentucky, USA
Mandel, J.R., Dikow, R.B., Siniscalchi, C.M. et al. (2019) A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116:14083–14088. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1 9038 71116
Márquez-Madrid, M., Gutiérrez-Bañuelos, H., Bañuelos-Valenzuela, R., Muro-Reyes, A., David Valdez-Cepeda, R. 2017. Macro-mineral concentrations in soil and forage in three grassland sites at Zacatecas. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu. 8(4), 437-443. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v8i4.4197
McDowell, L.R 1992. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
McDowell, LR, & Arthington J.D. (2005). Minerales para rumiantes en pastoreo en regiones tropicales. 4ª ed. Universidad de Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
NRC. 2000. National Research Council, “Nutrient requirements of beef cattle”. Seventh rev ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press.
Nguyen, D.T.C., Nguyen, T.T., Le, H.T.N. et al. (2021).The sunflower plant family for bioenergy, environmental remediation, nanotechnology, medicine, food and agriculture: a review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 19, 3701–3726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01266-z
Onal Asci, O., Acar, Z. & Kasko Arici, Y. (2018). Mineral contents of forage pea – triticale intercropping systems harvested at different growth stages. Legume Research. (41), 422-427. https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-361
Ozkul, H, Sayan, Y., Polat M. & Capcı, T. (2005). Comparison of metabolizable energy values of roughages determined by regression equations using in vivo and invitro parameters Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8, 696-700, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2005.696.700
Razmkhah, M., Rezaei, J. and Fazaeli, H. (2017) Use of Jerusalem artichoke tops silage to replace corn silage in sheep diet. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 228:168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. anife edsci. 2017.04. 019
Rebernig, C.A., Schneeweiss, G.M., Bardy, K.E., et al (2010) Multiple Pleistocene refugia and Holocene range expansion of an abundant southwestern American desert plant species (Melampodium leucanthum, Asteraceae). Mol. Ecol. 19:3421–3443. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1111/j. 1365- 294X.2010. 04754.x
Rolnik, A. & Olas B. (2021). The plants of the asteraceae family as agents in the protection of human health. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 16;22(6):3009. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063009. PMID: 33809449; PMCID: PMC7999649.
Sabah E., & Çelik, M.Y. (2001). Investigation on availability of marble wastes of İscehisar (Afyon) as additive feeding material of animals. Turkey III. Marble Symposium (Mersem 2001) May 3-5, 2001, Afyon, Symposium Proceedings Book.
SAS, Institute. (2002). JMP Statistics. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc. 707 p.
Sayar, M.S, Han, Y. Yolcu, H. & Yucel, H. (2014). Yield and quality traits of some perennial forages as both sole crops and intercropping mixtures under irrigated conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 19(1): 59-65.
Sayar, M.S. (2016). Dry matter yield and forage quality of promising bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) willd. ) lines. VII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium, Jahorina, October 06-09, 2016 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Book of Proceedings, pages: 283-291.
Sayar, M.S., Han, Y. & Basbag, M., (2022a). Forage yield and forage quality traits of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia SCOP.) genotypes and evaluations with biplot analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 31(4), 4009-4017.
Sayar, M.S., Basbag, M., Cacan E. & Karan, H. (2022b). The effect of different cutting times on forage quality traits of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes and evaluations with biplot analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 31(08B), 9178-9190.
Schroeder, J.W. 1994. Interpreting Forage Analysis. Extension Dairy Specialist (NDSU), AS-1080, North Dakota State University.
Smith R.I.L. & Richardson, M. (2011) Fuegian plants in Antarctica: natural or anthropogenically assisted immigrants? Biol. Invasions. 13:1–5. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s10530- 010- 9784-x
Spears, J.W. (1994). Minerals in forages. In: Fahey, G.C.J., Moser, L.E., Martens, D.R. and Collins, M., Eds., Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization. ASA. CSSA. SSSA. Madison, 281-317 pp.
Starks, P.J., Coleman, S.W. & Phillips, W.A. (2004). Determination of forage chemical composition using remote sensing. Journal of Range Management. 57(6): 635-640. https://doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0635:DOFCCU]2.0.CO;2
Stastnik, O., Pavlata, L. & Mrkvicova, E. (2020) The milk thistle seed cakesand hempseed cakes are potential feed for poultry. Animals.10:1384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ani10 081384
Steel, R.G.D. & Torrie, J.H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publ. Company.
Tajeda, R., Mcdowell, R., Martin, F.G., & Conrad, J.H., (1985). Mineral element analyses of various tropical forages in Guatemala and their relationship to soil concentration. Nut. Rep. Int. 32, 313-324.
Tan, M., Yolcu, H. & Gul, Z.D. (2015). Nutritive value of sunflower silages ensiled with corn or alfalfa at different rate. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi- Journal of Agricultural Science, 21: 184-191.
Tenikecier, H.S. (2021). Effect of a sowing date on the dry matter yield, tetany ratio, fiber and mineral content of two vetch species (Vicia sp.). Journal of Elementology. 26(4): 1011-1024. https://doi.org/10.5601/jelem.2021.26.3.2175
Ternouth, J.H. (1990). Phosphorus and beef production in northern Australia. 3. Phosphorus in cattle-a review. Tropical Grasslands, 24:159-69.
Underwood, E.J. (1981). The mineral nutrition of livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, England.
Acıkgoz, E. (2001). Forage Crops. Uludag Univ Publ no:182, Bursa, Turkey, pp. 584.
Amiri, F., & Mohamed Shariff, A.R.B. (2012). Comparison of nutritive values of grasses and legume species using forage quality index. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 34(5), 577-586.
ARC, (1980). The Nutrients Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. 4th ed. 73-310. CAB International, Wallingford.
Ayan, I., H. Mut, O. Onal-Asci, U. Basaran & Z. Acar. 2010. Effects of manure application on the chemical composition of rangeland hay. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 9(13), 1852-1857.
Basaran, U., Mut, H., Onal, O., Acar, Z. & Ayan, I. (2011). Variability in forage quality of Turkish grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) landraces. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 16: 9-14.
Basbag M., Cacan E., Aydın A., & Sayar M.S. (2011). Determination forage quality traits of some vetch species collected from native flora Southeastern Anatolia. International Participation I. Ali Numan Kırac Agricultural Congress and Fair. April 27 to 30, 2011. Eskişehir, Turkey.
Basbag, M., Cacan, E., Sayar, M.S., & Karan, H. (2018). Identification of certain agricultural traits and inter-trait relationships in the Helianthemum ledifolium (L.) MILLER var. lasiocarpum (Willk.) Bornm. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 50(4), 1369-1373.
Basbag, M., Sayar, M.S. & Cacan, E. (2020). Determining forage quality values of Salvia multicaulis VAHL. species collected from different locations of the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. 8(7), 1492-1496. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i7.1492-1496.3373S
Basbag, M., Sayar. M.S., Cacan, E. & Karan, H. (2021). Determining quality traits of some concentrate feedstuffs and assessments on relations between the feeds and the traits using biplot analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(2A), 1627-1635.
Cınar, S. (2012). Determination of yield and quality characteristics of some cultivars and populations of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) in Cukurova Region. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 29 (1), 29–33.
Ensminger M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W.Heinemann. 1990. Feeds & Nutrition, second ed., The Ensminger Publishing Company, California, U.S.A., p: 890.
Jeranyama, P., & Garcia, A.D. (2004). Understanding Relative Feed Value (RFV) and Relative Forage Qality (RFQ). http://agbiopubs. sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx8149.
Judson, G.J. & McFarlane, J.D. (1998). Mineral disorders in grazing livestock and the usefulness of soil and plant analysis in the assessment of these disorders, Australian Joumal of Experimental Agiculture, 3(8), 707-23.
Grass Tetany. (2022). In Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass_tetany (Accessed: 18 September, 2022).
Gungor, T., Basalan, M. & Aydoğan, I. (2008). The determination of nutrient contents and metabolizable energy levels of some roughages produced in Kirikkale region. Veterinary Journal of Ankara University, 55(2): 111-115.
Henderson, S.L., Mosley, T.K., Mosley, J.C. & Kott, R.W. (2012) Spotted knapweed utilization by sequential cattle and sheep grazing. Rangel. Ecol. Manag. 65, 286–291. https:// doi. org/ 10. 2111/REM-D- 09- 00194.1
Kays, S.J. & Nottingham S.F. (2007) Biology and chemistry of Jerusalem artichoke: Helianthus tuberosus L. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Kemp, A, and Hart, M.L. (1957). Grass tetany in grazing milking cows. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 5, 4-17.
Kirchgessner M & Kellner. R.J. (1981). Estimation of the energetic feed value of green and forage feed through the cellulas method. Landwirtschschaftliche Forschung, 34:276-281.
Lacefield, G.D. (1988). Alfalfa Hay Quality Makes the Difference. University of Kentucky Department of Agronomy AGR-137, Lexington Kentucky, USA
Mandel, J.R., Dikow, R.B., Siniscalchi, C.M. et al. (2019) A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116:14083–14088. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1 9038 71116
Márquez-Madrid, M., Gutiérrez-Bañuelos, H., Bañuelos-Valenzuela, R., Muro-Reyes, A., David Valdez-Cepeda, R. 2017. Macro-mineral concentrations in soil and forage in three grassland sites at Zacatecas. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu. 8(4), 437-443. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v8i4.4197
McDowell, L.R 1992. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
McDowell, LR, & Arthington J.D. (2005). Minerales para rumiantes en pastoreo en regiones tropicales. 4ª ed. Universidad de Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
NRC. 2000. National Research Council, “Nutrient requirements of beef cattle”. Seventh rev ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press.
Nguyen, D.T.C., Nguyen, T.T., Le, H.T.N. et al. (2021).The sunflower plant family for bioenergy, environmental remediation, nanotechnology, medicine, food and agriculture: a review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 19, 3701–3726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01266-z
Onal Asci, O., Acar, Z. & Kasko Arici, Y. (2018). Mineral contents of forage pea – triticale intercropping systems harvested at different growth stages. Legume Research. (41), 422-427. https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-361
Ozkul, H, Sayan, Y., Polat M. & Capcı, T. (2005). Comparison of metabolizable energy values of roughages determined by regression equations using in vivo and invitro parameters Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8, 696-700, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2005.696.700
Razmkhah, M., Rezaei, J. and Fazaeli, H. (2017) Use of Jerusalem artichoke tops silage to replace corn silage in sheep diet. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 228:168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. anife edsci. 2017.04. 019
Rebernig, C.A., Schneeweiss, G.M., Bardy, K.E., et al (2010) Multiple Pleistocene refugia and Holocene range expansion of an abundant southwestern American desert plant species (Melampodium leucanthum, Asteraceae). Mol. Ecol. 19:3421–3443. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1111/j. 1365- 294X.2010. 04754.x
Rolnik, A. & Olas B. (2021). The plants of the asteraceae family as agents in the protection of human health. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 16;22(6):3009. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063009. PMID: 33809449; PMCID: PMC7999649.
Sabah E., & Çelik, M.Y. (2001). Investigation on availability of marble wastes of İscehisar (Afyon) as additive feeding material of animals. Turkey III. Marble Symposium (Mersem 2001) May 3-5, 2001, Afyon, Symposium Proceedings Book.
SAS, Institute. (2002). JMP Statistics. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc. 707 p.
Sayar, M.S, Han, Y. Yolcu, H. & Yucel, H. (2014). Yield and quality traits of some perennial forages as both sole crops and intercropping mixtures under irrigated conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 19(1): 59-65.
Sayar, M.S. (2016). Dry matter yield and forage quality of promising bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) willd. ) lines. VII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium, Jahorina, October 06-09, 2016 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Book of Proceedings, pages: 283-291.
Sayar, M.S., Han, Y. & Basbag, M., (2022a). Forage yield and forage quality traits of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia SCOP.) genotypes and evaluations with biplot analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 31(4), 4009-4017.
Sayar, M.S., Basbag, M., Cacan E. & Karan, H. (2022b). The effect of different cutting times on forage quality traits of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes and evaluations with biplot analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 31(08B), 9178-9190.
Schroeder, J.W. 1994. Interpreting Forage Analysis. Extension Dairy Specialist (NDSU), AS-1080, North Dakota State University.
Smith R.I.L. & Richardson, M. (2011) Fuegian plants in Antarctica: natural or anthropogenically assisted immigrants? Biol. Invasions. 13:1–5. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s10530- 010- 9784-x
Spears, J.W. (1994). Minerals in forages. In: Fahey, G.C.J., Moser, L.E., Martens, D.R. and Collins, M., Eds., Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization. ASA. CSSA. SSSA. Madison, 281-317 pp.
Starks, P.J., Coleman, S.W. & Phillips, W.A. (2004). Determination of forage chemical composition using remote sensing. Journal of Range Management. 57(6): 635-640. https://doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0635:DOFCCU]2.0.CO;2
Stastnik, O., Pavlata, L. & Mrkvicova, E. (2020) The milk thistle seed cakesand hempseed cakes are potential feed for poultry. Animals.10:1384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ani10 081384
Steel, R.G.D. & Torrie, J.H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publ. Company.
Tajeda, R., Mcdowell, R., Martin, F.G., & Conrad, J.H., (1985). Mineral element analyses of various tropical forages in Guatemala and their relationship to soil concentration. Nut. Rep. Int. 32, 313-324.
Tan, M., Yolcu, H. & Gul, Z.D. (2015). Nutritive value of sunflower silages ensiled with corn or alfalfa at different rate. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi- Journal of Agricultural Science, 21: 184-191.
Tenikecier, H.S. (2021). Effect of a sowing date on the dry matter yield, tetany ratio, fiber and mineral content of two vetch species (Vicia sp.). Journal of Elementology. 26(4): 1011-1024. https://doi.org/10.5601/jelem.2021.26.3.2175
Ternouth, J.H. (1990). Phosphorus and beef production in northern Australia. 3. Phosphorus in cattle-a review. Tropical Grasslands, 24:159-69.
Underwood, E.J. (1981). The mineral nutrition of livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, England.